Surface finishing machine



July 30, 1940. A. H. DALL ETAL.

I SURFACE FINISHING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 22, 1940 4 mg Hmfl m wry 0 NM w Z, w r a m July 30, 1940. H, B LL Er A 2,209,307

SURFACE FINISHING MACHINE Filed March 22, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 6] Z726Z a? J; 60 .519 6762 III 3 5 23' 55 J00 2 2 i l za 5' I: ('HI I I A r5'77 24 i lv 5/ r 5 p r 5 :5

a v4 fi a V I, 32 3 7 4/ fi j? in W 34 g JNVENTOR. flatwr/kflflu g BY594/? 572 Mm. ATTORNEY.

July 30, 1940.

A. H. DALL El AL SURFACE FINISHING MACHINE Filed March 22, 1940 0 5.5 gmg /46' 46 v Q i I 4; 59- f g i H r7 [554 7 44 BY 5%? 52 G/IAM ATTORNEY.

July 30, 1940. A, DALL ET AL r 2,209,307

SURFACE FINISHING MACHINE Filed March 22, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 III/III,

ATTORNEY.

A. H. DALL El AL SURFACE FINISHING MACHINE July 30, 1940. 7

Filed March 22, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEY.

Patented July 30, 1940 UNITED. STATES 2,209,307 SURFACE FINISHINGMACHINE Albert H. Dall, Silverton, and FrankE'sz, Newtown, Ohio,assignors to Cincinnati Grinders Incorporated, Cincinnati, Ohio, acorporation of Ohio Application March 22, 1940, Serial No. 325,410

19 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in surface finishing machinesandhas particular reference to an improved machine for putting a finalfinish of high degree of accuracy on work pieces of hardenedmaterial,

One of the principal objects of the present invention is the provisionof an improved machine, particularly adapted for simultaneousperformance of finishing operations on a multiplicity of similararticles. p

A further objectof the present invention is the provision of a machinehaving the capacity of performing a finishing operation on theindividual rolls of an anti-friction bearing subsequent to the assemblyof the selected rolls for the bearing with the final individualcooperative race therefor.

A further object of the present invention is the provision of a machinefor the purpose described of means for maintaining the individualbearings in a relationship to the associate rate corresponding to thatwhich they will occupy under service conditions so that the finishingoperation may best surface the bearing members for subsequentcooperation with the additional race unit in a manner to effectequalized load distribution on the bearing. v A further object of theinvention is the provision of improved means for control of the severalrespective relative movements of the work pieces unitarily and as anentirety so that a proper relative scouring movement will be obtainedduring the finishing operation, eliminating the scratches andirregularities, or hill andvalley efiects, of the work incident toprevious machining operations. 35 Other objects and advantages of thepresent invention should be readily apparent by reference to thefollowing specification, considered in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings forming a part thereof and it is to be understood 40 that anymodifications may be made in the exact structural details there shownand described, within the scope of the appended claims, withoutdeparting from or exceeding the spirit of the invention.

45 In the drawings: v

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machineconstructed in accordance withand embodying the principles of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view thereof illustrating the relativeposition of the various parts during performance of a finishingoperationtaken as on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a transversesectional view as on the 55 line 33 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a similar'sectional view on the line 4 4 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a plan view of the machine, certain of the parts beingbroken away or in section to indicate certain of the structural featurescom- 5 mon individually tothe various units.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary plan view similar in character to Figure 5,illustrating the open or Work receiving position of certain of theparts.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary vertical sectional 10 View similar to Figure 2illustrating the position occupied by the parts for removal or insertionof a work piece.

v Figure 8 is a fragmentary sectional view, of the tool releasemechanism as on the line 88 of Fig- 15 ure 5. i i

I Figure 9 is a sectionthrough the tool guide mechanism as on the line9- 9 of Figure 6.

Figure 10 is a diagrammatic view of the hydraulic system for supply ofcutting medium and control of certain of the elements of the machine,and i Figure 11 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to Figure '7illustrating a modified form of work piece positioning means.

The present invention has been particularly illustrated as applied tothe final finishing in situ of the taper rolls of a precisionanti-friction bear: ing. It is a well-recognized fact that in normalproduction of anti-friction rolls of this character that they must befinished as accurately as 0 possible tosize by normal precision grindingoperations, and subsequently, selection made of rolls of correspondingdimension within fine tolerances for assembly of such rolls in theultimate individual bearing. 5

Conventional precision grinding machines, however, normally produce workhaving minute hills and valleys orirregularities, leaving What is knownas a grinding fuzz-on the work which ordinarilymust be worn-down byinitial use before the-rolls are finally seated in their races withmaximum bearing area.

The present invention contemplates a final surfacing: of the rolls or anindividual bearing subsequent to assembly with its cooperating race forremoval of this grinding fuzz so that the final bearing may be set up todesired tightness and will not require the ordinary care in therunningin operation or be subject to the liability of undesirablelooseness or play which may otherwise result from the wearing down'ofthe grinding fuzz after assembly of thexbearing in itsintended en-'vironment.

In the attainment of these results'we have shown in Figure 1 a finishingmachine comprising a'pedestal type base having a supplemental pedestalsection I6 providing a closed base I! having rising therefrom an innertubular portion [8 and an outer bell portion l9. These partsformtherebetween a liquid receiving chamber which, as will be noted, isentirelysealed off from the driving or actuating mechanisms contained inthe chamber 2| provided in the lower portion of the pedestal l5. Theportion IQ of the upper pedestal sectionhas the peripheral flange 22 towhich is suitably, secured the circular bed plate 23 for support of theabrading media and the control mechanism therefor;

For support of a workpiece in the machine there is journaled in thebearing bushings-24, interiorly fitted in the portion 18, a hollowvertical spindle'25 bearing at its upperend theexpanding chuck or collet26 adapted :for interfitting engagement with the inner face of thebearing race '21. Expansion of this collet is effected by downwardsliding movement thereof withrespect to "the frusto-conical wedge '28extending upwardly from the cap 29' at the upper end-of-the spindle.Movement of the collet 26 for this purpose maybe efiected as by thedrawrod 30 slidable' in the spindle and bearing at its lower end piston3lcontained Within cylinder 32 hydraulically controlled by introductionand exhaust of suitable actuating medium under pressure through conduits33 and 34.

'By reference particularly to Figure 2 it will be noted that the spindle25 has secured on the lower portion thereof the thrust bearing 35havingftrunnions BIB-engaged in links 31 pivoted as at 38 to theoscillating yoke 39. This yoke has its outer end rotatably secured tothe column I5 as by the, pivot 40 and has its inner end pivoted as at 41to the rods 42 mounted as by needlebearings 43 on the crank portions 44of shaft 45. This shaft '45 is suitably journaled in' the base l5andbears on its outer suitablydriven as by belts 41.

From the foregoing -it will be readily apparent that the rotation ofshaft 45 will serve through the cranks 44 to impart a verticaloscillation'to the-yoke'39 and thus through the linkage described to thethrust bearing and spindle end pulley '46 25, causing a high speedreciprocation of the spindle. For this purpose the shaft 45 ispreferably driven at a speed of approximately 900 revolutions perminute.

Centrally the shaft 45 is provided with a worm le-meshing with worm gear49 to effect relatively slow rotation of vertical shaft 50 which isjournaled in suitable brackets 5| carried by the 'base'l5. Keyed on theshaft 50 is a pinion 52 in driving engagement with gear 53 having apinion portion 54, in turn driving gear 55 on spindle 25.- The reductionefiected through the ear train just described is preferably'of a natureto impart a slowspeed such as 5 to 10revolutions per minuteto the workcarrying spindle 25. It will thus benoted that the spindle has 'acompound movement including a high speed reciprocation coupled with aslow speed rotation,

both of'which movements will be imparted to Springs 59 disposed insockets 60 in the slides 51 react on the adjusting screws 6| carried bythe upstanding flange 62 of'the table for yieldingly urging the slidesin the direction of the work piece'to maintain the abrasive stones 53 inproper tensioned engagement with the rollers 21. It will be noted thatthese stones are mounted in holders 64 disposed between the furcations65 at the end of the slide and'supported in position as by the trunnions66, permitting of longitu- "dinal rocking of the abrasive members topermit them to accommodate themselves to the face angle of the rollers.At the same time the stones 'themselves are centrally groovedas at El toproivide surface"co'ntact or engagement with the work. At the same timethe grooved faces tend to restrain the rolls against. bodily rotarymovementwith the result'that the slow rotation of the inner race 21 willfrictionally react on the rolls, giving each roll an independent rotarymovement about its own axis so that its surface traverses the face ofthe inner or finishing member 63; 1

It is 'well known in the art that taper roller bearings of the type hereparticularly illustrated are formed with a seat as at 6,8 for engagementwith the base 69 of the roller. In assembly, however, there is a certainlongitudinal clearance in thebearing seat or face 10 of the inner cone21, the rolls being retained by conventional cage such as- H. 'In orderthat the rolls during the high speed recipnocation of the drive spindlemay atall times remain properly held against the seat 68," the spindlemay be provided with an auxiliary roll retaining device such asillustrated,

for example, in Figures '7 and 1 1. I

In the .form'shown in Figure '7 the cap 29 of the spindle is providedwith a guide hub 12 on which the sleeve portion of collet 26 slides,while circumscribing the collet is a compressible spring 13 bearing'atone end against the cap'and at the opposite end against a sleeve 74having a restricted axial movement relative to the collet as determinedby engagement of screws 15 in groove roof the 001161;. This sleeve hasan upper thin rim 11 adapted for terminal engagement with the smallerendsof the rolls for yieldingly retaining the same against seat'68 as isparticularly illustrated in connection with Figure 2.

An alternativestructure for accomplishment of i the same purpose hasbeen indicated in Figure 11 in'which' in place of a single springpressed sleeve adapted for simultaneous engagement with all of the workpieces there have been provided individual work'eng'aging pins 78upwardly resiliently urged as by springs 19.

For radially effecting control of position of the various tools or workabrading members the several slides 51 have depending through slots 35in they table lugs 8| on which are secured the rollers 82, engageable bythe cam portions 83 of, the star wheel 84 Irotatably mounted on hub85depending from. the table 23. A rock arm 86 pivoted to piston rod 81carrying piston 88 movable within cylinder 89 serves to actuate the'starwheel in a counterclockwise direction as indicated in'Figure 6 to efiectretraction of the several slides, or alternatively shifts the wheel in aclockwise direction to the" position indicated in Figure 5 when the cams'83 are out of engagement with the rollers of the respective slidespermitting the same automatically to position themselves in properinterengaging' relation with the individual work pieces.

The general hydraulic controlsystemnfor the machine has beendiagrammatically illustrated in Figure 10 from which it will be notedthat there has been provided a tank or reservoir from which thehydraulic actuating medium is drawn by a pump 9| which discharges intopressure conduit 92. One branch 93 of this conduit extends throughautomatic shutoff valve 94 and filter 95 to the coolant or cuttingmedium discharge nozzles 96. These nozzles are provided individual tothe several tools, preferably being held by brackets 91 on theindividual tool holding slides. The discharge coolant flows down pastthe work into the filter reservoir provided by the sliding guard 98 onspindle 25 interengaging with the filter media 99 in container I00within the flange portion I9 of the column whence the same is collectedin the receiving chamber,20.

During operation of the machine the hydraulic system is conditioned asindicated in Figure 10 with'the stop valve IDI maintained in raised oropened position as by spring I 02 so that pressure conduit 92 isconnected through the valve with conduit I93 which has a first branchI04 causing pressure to react on valve 94, opening same for flow ofcoolant against the pressure of spring I05. Line I03, when underpressure, is additionally coupled by conduit 33 with piston 32 drawingdown work holding collet 26 to clamp the work in position on thespindle. At the same time, pressure through conduit I06 and restrictedpassage IG'I in valve block I08 introduces pressure against piston 88 toeffect a slow or retarded clockwise movement of the star wheelpermitting the various tool holding slides to move inward intoengagement with the work.

At this time the opposite sides of pistons 32 and 88 are connectedrespectively through conduits 34, opened check valve I09 and commonconduit I I0 to valve I03 and thence through connection III to reservoir90.

Shifting of valve IOI against its actuating spring I02 as by pressure onpedal II2 serves to reverse the pressure and exhaust connections, makingIIO34 the pressure line and 33IOB- I 03 the exhaust line. When thiscondition exists release of pressure in line I04 permits valve 94 toshift, automatically shutting off flow of coolant. At the same timepressure in conduit IIO immediately reacts to effect counterclockwiseshifting of the star wheel and thus retraction of the work engagingtools. Pressure flow through restricted passage I I3 into 34 effects adelayed raising of piston 32 for release of the work rest at a timesubsequent to the retraction of the work engaging tools.

The foregoing description of the construction and operation of themachine should be readily understood and it will be noted that there hasbeen provided an improved readily controlled machine in which acompletely assembled inner bearing, race bearingsand'cage of ananti-friction bearing may be radially mounted, abrading tools quicklybrought into engagement with the individual bearings and in which anefifective compound relative movement of the abrading stones or toolsand the individual work pieces may be readily effected in that a highspeed reciprocation is imparted to the clamped bearing as an entirety,the slides automatically expanding and contracting with respect to eachother to maintain a close interfitting engagement between the individualwork pieces and the abrading tools.

Additionally, due to the slow rotation of the inner race and the radialpressure exerted by the abrading members the inner race will serve as aregulating Wheel effectively controlling and causing slow rotation ofthe individual bearings to their axes so that the respective tools willoperate on all portions of the work surface in a series of closelyrelated abrading paths extending substantially at right angles to thegrinding lines or the effects produced by previous operations in themanufacture of the rollers, thereby tending to reduce the hill andvalley effect and remove previously produced grinding fuzz.

It will, of course, be understood that for this purpose there ispreferably employed an extremely fine abrading element, together withsuitable coolant forming a film preventing unduly rapid cutting away ofthe work surface and at the same time suitably carrying away themetallic and abrasive particles loosened up by the process.

What is claimed is:

1. A machine for finishing the individual hearing elements of ananti-friction bearing for assembly, comprising a holder for engagementwith the inner race of the bearing, a multiplicity of radially arrangedabrading members individual to the individual bearing elements, meansfor yieldingly urging the abrading elements into engagement with saidbearing elements, means for imparting high speed axial reciprocation tothe bearing assembly as an entirety, and additional means for impartinga slow rotation to the inner bearing race whereby the same will act as aregulating wheel imparting a controlled uniform rotation to theindividual bearing members with respect to the abrading element.

2. A machine for finishing the individual bearing elements of ananti-friction bearing for assembly, comprising a holder for engagementwith the inner race of the bearing, a multiplicity of radially arrangedabrading members individual to the individual bearing elements, meansfor yieldingly urging the abrading elements into engagement with saidbearing elements, means for imparting high speed axial reciprocation tothe bearing assembly as an entirety, additional means for imparting aslow rotation to the inner bearing race whereby the same will act as aregulating wheel imparting a controlled uniform rotation to theindividual bearing members with respect to the abrading element, andmeans for preventing orbital movement of the individual bearingelements.

3. A machine for finishing the individual bearing elements of ananti-friction bearing for assembly, comprising a holder for engagementwith the inner race of the bearing, a multiplicity of radially arrangedabrading members individual to the individual bearing elements, meansfor yieldingly urging the abrading elements into engagement with saidbearing elements, means for imparting high speed axial reciprocation tothe bearing assembly as an entirety, additional means for imparting aslow rotation to the inner bearing race whereby the same will act as aregulating wheel imparting a controlled uniform rotation to theindividual bearing members with respect to the abrading element, andsupplemental means terminally engageable with the individual bearingelements for determining their axial position.

LA finishing machine of the character described, including means forsupporting an assembled anti-friction bearing, means for urging abradingmembers into engagement with the in-. dividual bearing elements, andmeans for effecting rotary and reciprocating relative movements, meansfor resiliently urging an abrading member into engagement with one ofsaid bearing elements, and means for imparting relative rotary andreciprocating movement to said bearing ele- I ment and abrading member.

- 6. A machine of the. character described, including a support for anassembled anti-friction bearing including a race and a plurality ofbearing elements, means for supporting abrading tools adjacentthebearing in position for individual engagement with individual bearingelements, means for yieldingly maintaining the bearing elements andabrading members in operative engagement, means for effecting rotationof the bearing race at a slow rate of speed frictionally to controlrotation of the individual bearing elements, and means for. effecting arelative reciprocation at a higher rate of speed between the individualbearing elements and their abrading members.

'7. A machine of the character described, including a support for anassembled anti-friction bearing including a race and a plurality ofbearing elements, means'for supporting abrading tools adjacent thebearing in position for individual engagement with individual bearingelements, means for .yieldinglymaintaining the bearing elements andabrading members in operative engagement, means for efiecting rotationof the bearing race at a slow rate of speed frictionally to controlrotation of the individual bearing elements, means for eifecting arelative reciprocation at a higher rate of speed between theindi- Vidualbearing elements and their abrading members, and supplementalpositioning means engageable with the individual bearing elements formaintaining same in predetermined relation to their supporting race.

8. A machine of the character described, including a support for anassembled anti-friction I bearing including a race and a plurality ofbearing elements, means for supporting abrading tools adjacent thebearing in position for individual engagement with individual bearingelements, means for yieldingly maintaining the bearing elements andabrading members in operative engagement, means for effecting rotationof the bearing race at a slow rate of speed frictionally to controlrotation of the individual bearing elements, means for effecting arelative reciprocation at a higl'ier rate of speed between theindividual bearing elements and their abrading members,supplementalpositioning means engageable with the individual bearingelements for maintaining same in predetermined relation to theirsupporting race, and means for yieldingly maintaining said bearingelement supporting means in efiective position.

9. A machine for finishing of anti-friction bearings in assembledrelation with respect to their supporting race, including a rotaryspindle, means for securing the race to the spindle for rotationtherewith, a plurality of tool supports radially disposedincircumscribing relation to the spindle, abrading elements carried bythe supports and projectable for individual engagement with the bearingelements, and means for effecting relative movement between the race asan entirety and the abradingelements in a substantially axial directionas respects the spindle. 1''

IOIAmachine for finishing of anti-friction bearings'in assembledrelation with respect to their supporting-race, including a rotaryspindle, means for securing the race to the spindle for rotationtherewith, a plurality of tool supports radially disposed incircumscribing relation to the spindle, abrading elements carried by thesupports and projectable for individual engagement with the bearingelements, means for effecting relative movement between the race as anentirety and the abrading elements in a substantially axial direction asrespects the spindle, and means for resiliently maintaing the abradingelements in engagement with the bearing elements whereby constantinterengagement of said elements is maintained during said relativereciprocating movement.

11. A machine for finishing of anti-friction bearings in assembledrelation with respect to their supporting race, including a rotaryspindle, means for securing the race to the spindle for rotationtherewith, a plurality of tool supports radially disposed incircumscribing relation to the spindle, abrading elements carried by thesupports and projectable for individual engagement with the bearingelements, means for effecting relative movement between the race as anentirety and the abrading elements in a substantially axial direction asrespects the spindle, means for resiliently maintaining the abradingelements in engagement with the bearing elements whereby constantinterengagement of said elements is maintained during said relativereciprocating movement, and means for efiecting retraction of theabrading element supports with respect to the Work piece.

12. A machine of the character describedineluding a support for theinner race of an antifriction bearing, means for efiecting a slow speedrotation and a high speed reciprocating of said 13. A machine of thecharacter described including a support for the inner race of anantifriction bearing, means for effecting a slow speed rotation and ahigh speed reciprocating of said support, abrading members disposed incircumscribing relation to the support having portions for engagementwith individual bearing members of an anti-friction bearing on thesupport, means for independently inwardly actuating said abrad ingmembers, additional means for simultaneously retracting all of saidabrading members to facilitate introduction and removal of a work piece,means for supplying coolant to the abrading members when in workengaging position, a control for the retracting means, and coupledconnections between said control and coolant supply for shutting off theflow of coolant on retraction of the abrading members.

14. A machine of the character described, including a supporting bed, aspindle supported thereby for rotary and reciprocating movementsrelative thereto, a drive shaft, eccentric means actuated by the driveshaft, operative connections actuable simultaneously with the eccentricmeans support, abrading members disposed in circumby the driving shaft,and connections between said reduction gearing and said spindle foreffecting rotation of the latter at an appreciably slower rate than therate of reciprocation thereof.

15. A machine of the character described, including a supporting bed, aspindle supported thereby for rotary and reciprocating movementsrelative thereto, a drive shaft, eccentric means actuated by the driveshaft, operative connections between said means and the spindle foreffecting reciprocation of the spindle, reduction gearing actuablesimultaneously with the eccentric means by the driving shaft,connections between said reduction gearing and said spindle foreffecting rotation of the latter at an appreciably slower rate than therate of reciprocation thereof, a head on said spindle, work holdingmeans mounted on the head, and means supported by the bed incircumscribing relation to the work holding means for operation on awork piece actuable by the spindle.

16. A machine of the character described, including a table memberhaving a plurality of radially extending ways, a work holder centrallydisposed as respects said ways, tool holders slidable in the ways in adirection toward and from the work holder, work engaging tools carriedthereby, means for yieldingly urging the respective tool holders in adirection toward the work holder, oscillatable cam means engageable withthe tool holders for effecting retraction thereof, means for effecting ahigh speed relative axial reciprocation of the tool holder and the workholders, and additional means for effecting individual slow speedrotation of work pieces on the tool holder during said relativereciprocation of the parts.

17. A machine of the character described, including a table memberhaving a plurality of radially extending ways, a work holder centrallydisposed as respects said ways, tool holders slidable in the ways in adirection toward and from the work holder, work engaging tools carriedthereby, means for yieldingly urging the respective tool holders in adirection toward the work holder, oscillatable cam means engageable withthe tool holders for effecting, retraction thereof, means for efiectinga high speed relative axial reciprocation of the tool holder and thework holders, and additional means for efiecting indi vidual slow speedrotation of work pieces on the tool holder during said relativereciprocation of the parts, said tools having portions interengageablewith individual work pieces for preventing planetary movement thereof.

18. In a machine of the character described including a rotary worksupport, radially disposed tools disposed in circumscribing relation tothe work sup-port, means for yieldingly urging the tools in a directiontoward the work support, clamp means for securing a work piece inposition on the work support, said clamp means including a draw rod and.a hydraulic actuator for the draw rod, cam means oscillatable to effectretraction of the tools with respect to the work holder, a hydraulicmotor for determining the operation of said cam means, and a hydraulicactuating circuit for said hydraulic actuator and hydraulic motorincluding timing means for determining the sequential actuations of therespective hydraulic devices.

19. In a machine of the character described including a rotary worksupport, radially disposed tools disposed in circumscribing relation tothe Work support, means for yi-eldingly urging the tools in a directiontoward the work support, clamp means for securing a work piece inposition on the work support, said clamp means including a draw rod anda hydraulic actuator for the draw rod, cam means oscillatable to effectretraction of the tools with respect to the work holder, a hydraulicmotor for determining the operation of said cam means, a hydraulicactuating circuit for said hydraulic actuator and hydraulic motorincluding timing means for determining the sequential actuations of therespective hydraulic devices, means for supplying coolant to the toolswhen in operative position, and a hydraulic motor coupled in parallelwith the cam control means coupled in series with the cam actuated motorfor shutting off the coolant during retracting actuation of the cam.

ALBERT H. DALL.- FRANK ESZ.

